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Saturday, January 12, 2008

LEARN JAPANESE, LESSON 32- SCHOOL SYSTEM(pt1)

LETS GO TO SCHOOL!

Education is an important issue in Japanese society. These are the three ways that a young Japanese child is educated in Japan: by attending a private school for a compulsory education, or by attending a private school that does not adhere to standards set by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).

While high school ("upper secondary education") is not compulsory, more than 90% of the population attends high school. There are, however, many high schools which are not strictly academic, including agricultural and technical high schools. More than 2.5 million students advance to universities and colleges. In the past, the selection process for advancing to higher education had been described as "hellish" and "war-like". But with the number of Japanese children being born declining, the tide has turned the other way. Now schools are having to compete amongst themselves to gather students. However, many children continue to be sent to Juku (cram schools) in addition to state schools.

Japanese School System

Nine years: six in elementary school, and three in junior high school, make up compulsory education in Japan. This system was adopted from the American system after W.W.II. Each year consists of a three term system (summer, winter, and spring) that begins in April. Each term is marked by a vacation period.

Japanese classes remain in one classroom to take all classes unless they require practical training (e.g. laboratory work). Even lunch, which is provided in elementary and Junior high school, is eaten in the same room where classes are held. One will also notice in Japan, that the majority of young students wear uniforms to school. The young boys resemble military cadets with their uniformly cropped hair.

A high level of homogeneity and a high level of education is maintain in Japan by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry supervises textbooks, curriculum, and maintains the same level of education throughout the country

Here is a look at the different ages and the availability of education in Japan.

Age:

3 - Kindergarten

6 - Elementary school

12 - Junior high school

15 - High school. A student may at this point finish high school, enter a technical college, special training college or miscellaneous school.

18 - Technical school, University, Junior college, Special training college, Miscellaneous school. Any one of these may be pursued at this point.

21 - University, Junior college, Special training college, Miscellaneous school. A student will probably be enrolled in on of these.

24 - Begin Graduate school or continue with University, junior college, special training college, miscellaneous school.

Compulsory Education	gimukyoiku
Educational Or School System	gakusei
School Education Law	gakkoukyouikuhou
School System (Full-Day)	zennichisei
School Regulations	kousoku/gakusoku
School Building	kousha
School	gakkou

Different type of school

Elementary School	shougakkou
Middle School	chuugaku
High School	koukou/koutougakkou
Senior High School	koukou
Girls’ School	jogakkou
Girls' High School	joshikou
Boys' High School	danshikou
Kindergarten	youchien
Government School	kangaku
Public School	kouritsugakkou
Private School	shiritsu gakkou / gijuku
Technical School	shokugyou gakkou
Higher Technical School	koukou
Vocational School	kakushugakkou / jitsugyougakkou / senmongakkou
Evening School	yagaku
Cram School Note: Japan is probably the country with the largest number of preparatory schools in the world. Although in some countries including france and england, entrance or qualifying examinations for advanced schools is very difficult, no other countries have juku (cram schools). There was a time in japan, when people relied on private tutors, but private tutors could not cope with the intensifying entrance examination competition.	juku
University, College Note: Japanese universities are usually 4 years, though medical and dental schools are 6 years and junior colleges are 2 years. After world war ii, the present system was adopted with the first 2 years focused on liberal studies and the major subjects concentrated in the last 2 years.	daigaku
Medical School	ikadaigaku
Medical University, Medical School	idai
Private School For The Study Of English	eigojuku
Summer School	kakigakkou
College Summer School	kakidaigaku
School Of Technology, Engineering Or Science	kougakubu
Commercial School	shougyougakkou
Private Night School, Tutoring School (Math, English, Etc.),	gakushuujuku
Martial Arts School	machidoujou
Art School	bijutsugakkou
Classical School (Of Music)	honkakuha

GO TO SCHOOL (pt2)[GAKKOU IKOU!]

STATUS

Pupil	seito
Senior High School Student	koukousei
Student	gakusei
School Girl	josei / jogakusei/ joseito
Female High-School Student	joshikousei
Grade School Student	shougakusei
Middle And High-School Students	chuukousei
Junior High School Student, Middle School pupil	chuugakusei
Preschool Child	mishuugakujidou
Teacher	sensei/kyoushi
Professor	kyouju
Ph.D.	hakushi
School Physician	gakkoui

Uniform

School Uniform
*uniform

gakuseifuku / koufuku

*seifuku

Uniform Worn By Middle School And High School Boys

Note:

The color of gakuran is normally black, but some schools use navy and dark blue as well.

The gakuran is derived from prussian army uniforms. The term is a combination of gaku meaning "study" or "student", and ran meaning holland or, historically in japan, the west in general; thus, gakuran translates as "western student (uniform)".

gakuran / tsume-eri

Uniform Worn By Middle School And High School Girls

Note:

Much like the male uniform, the gakuran, the sailor outfit bears a similarity to various military styled naval uniforms. The uniform generally consists of a blouse attached with a sailor-style collar and a pleated skirt. There are seasonal variations for summer and winter: sleeve length and fabric are adjusted accordingly. A ribbon is tied in the front and laced through a loop attached to the blouse. Several variations on the ribbon include neckties, bolo ties, neckerchiefs, and bows. Common colours are navy blue, white, grey, light green and black.

sērā-fuku

(sailor outfit)

School Stuffs

Book	hon
Textbook	kyouhon
Medium-Sized Book	aiban
Stationery, Pen And Ink, Writing Materials	hitsuboku
Pencil	empitsu
Paperweight	keisan / bunchin
Paper Holder, Paper Clip	kamibasami
Stencil, Stereotype, Papier-Mâché Mold	shikei
Box For Holding Papers Or Stationery	tebunko
Blackboard Eraser	kokubanfuki
Scissors	hasami
Hole Puncher	senkouki
Adhesive, Glue	sekchakuzai
Ruler For Measurement	monosashi
Writing Paper	binsen
Writing Pad	yousen
Japanese Writing Paper	genkouyoushi
Printing Paper	insatsushi
Coarse Dark-Brown Paper	karasugami
Processed Paper, Coated Paper	kakoushi
Drawing Paper	gagakushi / gashi
Wrapping Paper	kakegam
Rolled Letter Paper / Paper Roll	makigami
Carbonless Duplicating Paper	kanatsushi
Pattern Paper (For Dressmaking)	katagami
Sandpaper	kenmashi
Music Paper	gosenshi
Colored Paper	irogami
Carbon Paper	tansanshi
Graph Paper	houganshi
Writing Paper	ryoushi
Bookstore	hon-ya
Bookshop	shoten
Magazine	zasshi
Newspaper	shinbun
Comics	manga
Novel	shousetsu
Dictionary	jisho
Study	benkyou
Major (The Main Subject That A Student Studies At College Or University)	senkou
Graduate	sotsugyou
School Work, Lessons	kagyou, gakka
School Opening Ceremony	kaikoushiki
School Badge	koushou
School Expenses, Education Fund	gakushi
School Term	gakki
School Grade	gakkyuu
School District	gakku
School Song	kouka
School Flag	kouki
School Gate	koumon
School Fees	jugyouryou
School Entrance Ceremony	nyuugakushiki
School Zone	bunkyouchiku
Boarding House, School Dormitory	kishukusha
Class, Grade, Rank,	kyuu
Examination, Consideration, Test, Quiz	kousa
Trial, Test	tameshi
Practical Test	jikchishiken
Graduation Certificate, Diploma	sotsugyoushousho

Labels: 23, lesson

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